Diagnosis of Achilles Tendinitis:
During the physical examination, your doctor will:
- Gently press on the affected area to identify pain, tenderness, or swelling.
- Evaluate the flexibility, alignment, range of motion, and reflexes of your foot and ankle.
Imaging tests that may be ordered include:
- X-rays: Although X-rays cannot visualize soft tissues like tendons, they help rule out other conditions with similar symptoms.
- Ultrasound: This device uses sound waves to visualize soft tissues, including tendons. Ultrasound can provide real-time images of the Achilles tendon in motion, and color-Doppler ultrasound assesses blood flow around the tendon.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): MRI machines use radio waves and a powerful magnet to create highly detailed images of the Achilles tendon.
Treatment Options for Achilles Tendinitis:
Medications:
- Over-the-counter pain medications like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB) or naproxen (Aleve) can help reduce inflammation and relieve pain.
- If these are insufficient, your doctor may prescribe stronger medications.
Physical Therapy:
- Exercises: Physical therapists recommend specific stretching and strengthening exercises to promote healing and strengthen the Achilles tendon and its supporting structures.
- Eccentric Strengthening: This specialized strengthening technique involves slowly lowering a weight after raising it. It has been particularly effective for persistent Achilles problems.
- Orthotic Devices: Shoe inserts or wedges that slightly elevate your heel can alleviate tendon strain and provide cushioning, reducing the force exerted on the Achilles tendon.
Surgery:
- If conservative treatments fail or if the tendon is torn, surgical repair of the Achilles tendon may be necessary.
Self-Care Strategies for Achilles Tendinitis:
Rest:
- Consider avoiding exercise for several days or switching to low-impact activities like swimming.
- In severe cases, wearing a walking boot and using crutches may be necessary.
Ice:
- Apply an ice pack to the affected tendon for approximately 15 minutes after exercising or when experiencing pain. This helps reduce pain and swelling.
Compression:
- Use wraps or compressive elastic bandages to minimize swelling and restrict movement of the tendon.
Elevation:
- Raise the affected foot above heart level to further reduce swelling. Consider elevating your foot while sleeping at night.
Preparing for Your Appointment:
- Initially, discuss your symptoms with your family doctor.
- Depending on your situation, you may be referred to a specialist in sports medicine or physical and rehabilitative medicine (physiatrist).
- If your Achilles tendon has ruptured, you might need to see an orthopedic surgeon.
What You Can Do Before the Appointment:
- Compile answers to the following questions:
- Did the pain begin suddenly or gradually?
- Are symptoms worse at specific times of day or after particular activities?
- Describe the types of shoes you wear during exercise.
- List any medications and supplements you take regularly.
What to Expect During the Appointment:
- Your doctor will inquire about:
- The precise location of pain.
- Whether pain lessens with rest.
- Details about your normal exercise routine.
- Any recent changes to your exercise habits or participation in new sports.
- Measures you’ve taken for pain relief.
